持續研究性項目

主持設計：王劍峰，Viola Mariachiara

項目地點： 西安

設計時間：2013-2014年

項目規模：西安城墻東南部片段

Ongoing Research Projects

Chief Architect /  Wang Jianfeng, Viola Mariachiara

Location / Xi'an

Time / 2013-2014

Scale / Southeast segment

© PL-T ARCHITECTS 平時建筑事務所

/ 50年代城市空間 /  / Urban space in 1950s /

© PL-T ARCHITECTS 平時建筑事務所

/ 自西直門城樓拆除到都市現狀 /  / From xizhimen tower demolition to urban status /

© PL-T ARCHITECTS 平時建筑事務所

/ 當代繼續拆遷與同步復古競賽 /  / Contemporary demolition and synchronized retro competition /

也許只有承認了"暫時摒棄歷史的 / 當代的"設想，西安城墻才可以改變它的尷尬局面: 

本來城墻自身的形式決定了它是城市中具有推進作用的經久建筑物( 梁思成設想的北京城墻公園早已證實了這一點)，而它現在呈現出的狀態卻是變態的經久物，像意大利Palmanova 城的軍事城墻和格拉那達的阿爾罕布拉宮，是一個博物館。事實上，這個局面不僅限于城墻，在中國，這是一個普遍現象。造成這個現象的根本原因不是城墻或其它歷史建筑本身的問題，而是它們所在的城市。大城市問題、決策者的意識、政治的選擇都會使經久性建筑在功能上產生相對的畸變( 形式并沒有改變) 或者直接地毀滅; 當然，這些因素同樣會使經久性建筑合乎特性的合理地發展。墨索里尼對于羅馬的迷戀，致使意大利其它古城紛紛效仿般的整體保留的現象，就體現了這一點。因此，試圖通過主要研究城墻或其它古建筑自身的特征來使它們持續生長的方法是無效的，"遺產保護者們"多次失敗的城墻改造計劃就是最好的證明。 

討論城市發展中出現的問題是討論經久建筑問題的前提與關鍵。這意味著，經久性建筑，尤其是那些本身就具有規劃意義的歷史建筑，只有一直解決著某個城市問題時，才能真正的再生，并一直處于持續的動態之中。 

從唐長安、汴梁、元大都之間緊密的傳承關系中所體現的中國優秀城市規劃的核心思想，到相應的當代西安、開封、北京之間粗獷雷同的發展模式所帶來的嚴重的文化都市問題和建筑缺陷，這一戲劇性的過程向我們展示了中國城市普遍性的畸變。這種普遍性的巨變背后的強大的意識與土地體制，使從整體上研究尺度巨大的城墻體系變成了一種無效的方式。

 因此，選擇西安城墻的局部片斷( 東南部片段)，在可控的范圍內，從微觀的角度研究它轉化演變的經久性，也許是一種有意義的方式。 

Perhaps only by acknowledging the "temporary rejection of historical/contemporary" assumptions can the city wall change its awkward situation:
Originally the wall itself determines it is in the form of buildings in the city has a promoting role (liang sicheng's vision of a Beijing city wall park has confirmed this), but it presents the state of the abnormal condition of durable, like Italy's military Palmanova city walls and granite that reaches the alhambra, is a museum. In fact, the situation is not limited to the city wall, which is a common phenomenon in China. The root cause of this phenomenon is not the walls or other historical buildings themselves, but the city they are in. The problems of big cities, the consciousness of decision makers, and the choice of politics all lead to the relative distortion (the form is not changed) or direct destruction of the durable buildings. Of course, these factors will also make the development of durable buildings in accordance with their characteristics. This is reflected in Mussolini's infatuation with Rome, which led other Italian cities to follow suit. As a result, attempts to make walls or other ancient buildings grow sustainably by focusing on their own characteristics are ineffective, as evidenced by the oft-failed wall restoration project of the preservationists.

The dramatic process from the core idea of China's excellent urban planning embodied in the close relationship between Tang Chang'an and Bianliang and Capital of Yuan dynasties, to the serious cultural urban problems and architectural defects brought about by the robust and familiar development patterns of Xi'an, Kaifeng and Beijing, shows us the abnormality of chinese urban universality. 

Therefore, we choose the local wall of Xi'an wall (southeast segment), in our controllable range, to study the durability of the evaolution by thinking microscopically.  

© PL-T ARCHITECTS 平時建筑事務所

局部研究片段  Partial study fragment

© PL-T ARCHITECTS 平時建筑事務所

點狀基礎設施分布圖  Dot infrastructure map

 皮影戲  材料的組成的想法來自于傳統的皮影戲。 塔內不同的人，隨著陰影的不同特性，在塔的表面上產生自己的陰影，并自然地向外面的觀眾展示他們不同的生活故事。

The Chinese shadow play   The idea of the composition of the materials comes from the traditional shadow play. The different people inside the tower, as the different characters of the shadow play, are born their shadows on the surface of the tower and naturally show their different stories of life to people outside like the audience.

© 王劍峰草圖

概念構想（王劍峰 繪）  Conceptual conception (by Wang Jianfeng)